Pruning: Trimming any dead or dying parts from shrubs and perennials will help them to endure the cold weather and maximize spring growth.

 

Weeding and Removal of Annuals: Just as leaf removal is essential to lawn health, it is also important to pull up weeds and annual flowers before winter sets in.

 

Lawn Cutting: The final grass trimming of the year is an important one, as it helps to promote optimal lawn health and growth during the upcoming season.

 

Winterize Shrubs and Plants: Vulnerable garden species should be protected from the cold. Techniques include using burlap, dirt, and mulch for added insulation.

 

Applying Fertilizer and Weed Killer: Fertilizing, liming (done in areas with acidic soil), and applying compost before the winter allows essential nutrients to incorporate into the soil during the winter. You might also have a cover crop (aka "green manure") of quick-sprouting annuals planted to improve soil health and protect against winter erosion. Pre-emergent weed killer can also be applied before winter to retard weed growth in the spring.

 

Aeration: Lawn aeration consists of extracting plugs of soil and grass, either manually or with a machine that resembles an oversized lawnmower. Whichever method is used, the benefit is the same: your lawn's root system is better able to absorb oxygen, water, fertilizers, and nutrients.

 

Stake New Trees: Staking young trees in place protects them from winter winds and damp soil until their root systems mature.

 

Drainage Issues: If poor drainage resulted in water damage to your home last winter and spring, you should address the problem in the fall. The solution could be as simple as planting some shrubs and trees, or as complicated as tearing up your lawn and removing obstructions.